T E N S E S

Pada bahasa Inggris terdapat 3 pembagian waktu:

Past-Present-Future

(Lampau-Sekarang-masa Depan)

Jadi, Tensesnya pun dibagi berdasarkan waktu-waktu ini:

 Simple Tenses

Tense	Arti	Pola	Ket. Waktu	Contoh Kalimat
Simple Present	-fakta umum -kebiasaan	They/we/I/you+V1 He/she/it+V1-s/es	Always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never	Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
Simple past	-Kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau -fakta di masa lampau	S+V2	Yesterday, … ago, last …	We did the Try Out two days ago.
Simple Future	Kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa depan	S+will/shall+V1 S+be going to+V1	Tomorrow, tonight,next …, soon	I will attend a lecture at STAN next year. Iam going to attend a lecture at STAN next year.

Continuous Tense

Tense	Arti	Pola	(Contoh) Ket. Waktu	Contoh Kalimat
Present Continuous	kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini	S+is/am/are+Ving	Now, right now, this time	Mayu is studying right now.
Past Continuous	Kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau	S+was/were+Ving	At eight o’clock last night, last year at this time	Last year at this time, they were attending school
Future Continuous	Kegiatan yang akan sedang berlangsung dimasa depan	S+will+be+Ving S+be going to+be+Ving	At this time tomorrow, I am going to be sitting in class.	I will begin to study at seven. You will come at eight. I will be studying when you come.

Perfect Tense

Tense	Arti	Pola	Ket. Waktu	Contoh Kalimat
Present Perfect	kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau dengan waktu yang tidak jelas.Jika ket. waktunya jelas, kita pake Simple Past. Misal: He saw the movie last night.	S+have/has+V3	Already, since, for	He has seen the movie for two hours.
Past Perfect	Kegiatan yang sudah selesai sebelum kegiatan kedua dilakukan di masa lampau	S+had+V3	Until, when, before, after, by the time	Andre had already left before we got there
Future Perfect	Kegiatan yang akan sudah selesai sebelum kegiatan kedua dilakukan di masa depan	S+will+have+V3	By the time, by the end of this month, by 2016	She will graduate in June. I will see her in July. By the time I see her, she will have graduated.

Perfect Continuous

Tense	Arti	Pola	Ket. Waktu	Contoh Kalimat
Present Perfect Continuous	kegiatan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut hingga saat ini	S+have/has+been+Ving	For, since, all morning,all day	It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now.
Past Perfect Continuous	Kegiatan yang sedang terjadi sebelum kegiatan kedua dilakukan di masa lampau	S+had+been+Ving	For, since,before	The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him
Future Perfect Continuous	Kegiatan yang akan sedang terjadi sebelum kegiatan kedua dilakukan di masa depan	S+will have been+Ving	By the time, by the end of this month, by 2016	Debbie will go to bed at 11 pm. Jamal will get home at midnight. Debbie will have been sleeping for an hour by the time Jamal gets home.

Penggabungan 2 kalimat di waktu lampau bisa 4 kemungkinan:

1.         While

While+Past Continuous, Past Continuous/Simple Past

“While I was walking down the street, it began to rain”

“While I was studying in my room, my brother was having a party in the other room”

2.         When

Simple Past/ Past Continuous/Past Perfect/ Past Perfect Continuous +When+Simple Past

“I stood under a tree when it began to rain”

“I was standing under a tree when it began to rain”

“She had already eaten when Ted arrived”

“He had been reading novel for two hours when his parents came”

3.         Before

Past Perfect/ Past Perfect Continuous+before+Simple Past

“Sam had gone to bed before the guess left”

“He had been reading novel for two hours before his parents came”

4.         After

Simple Past+after+Past Perfect

“The guess left after Sam had gone to bed”

Warning!
Kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau harus pake tenses PAST (simple past/past continuous/past perfect/past perfect continuous). Dan sebaliknya. Jangan ‘nyebrang’ ke jalan yang sesat!

Misal “I have been being a good boy all day yesterday” -> pake tenses present buat kejadian di masa lampau, sesat! Harusnya “I was being a good boy all day yesterday”